{"id":16139,"date":"2025-06-28T08:48:34","date_gmt":"2025-06-28T08:48:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aucometoi.com\/?p=16139"},"modified":"2025-06-28T09:15:45","modified_gmt":"2025-06-28T09:15:45","slug":"tre-tri-hoan-luoi-bieng-hay-tin-hieu-thong-minh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aucometoi.com\/en\/tre-tri-hoan-luoi-bieng-hay-tin-hieu-thong-minh\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ebb Tr\u00ec Ho\u00e3n: L\u01b0\u1eddi Bi\u1ebfng Hay T\u00edn Hi\u1ec7u Th\u00f4ng Minh?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Do
Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 “tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n”, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tr\u1ebb em ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Harvard v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng hay thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/h5>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u1ebb em d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh hay m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n khi ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Harvard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 khi th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu trong h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb Harvard nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00f3i quen tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n.<\/h5>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi thay v\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/h5>\n

Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Harvard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1eeb Harvard cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh l\u1ea1i xem vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c.<\/h5>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch hay ph\u1edbt l\u1edd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Marshmallow Test t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ebb em.<\/h5>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hay d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb n\u00e0o ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/h5>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Marshmallow Test, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/h5>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c “tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 Marshmallow Test \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/h5>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Marshmallow Test n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Walter Mischel \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hay d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/h5>\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn xung quanh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Marshmallow Test cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/h5>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Harvard v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 “2 k\u1eb9o”) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb?<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/h5>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn xung quanh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n “tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n” nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu chung n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Harvard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i.<\/h5>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng “hai vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o”, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111ang qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1c quan v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/h5>\n

Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c th\u00fac \u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m “tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Harvard cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/h5>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Harvard \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m “2 k\u1eb9o” – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 BMI hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 “tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n”, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ebb em ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Harvard v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng hay thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u1ebb em d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh hay m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n khi ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u2014 Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Harvard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 khi th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu trong h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb Harvard nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00f3i quen tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi thay v\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u2014 Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Harvard v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1eeb Harvard cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh l\u1ea1i xem vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch hay ph\u1edbt l\u1edd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Marshmallow Test t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16140,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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